Ageism In Australia - 1308 Words

A current issue affecting Australians and Australian businesses is Ageism in the workforce. Although this issue has been around for decades, it has become more prevalent than ever. Many employers aren’t considering hiring younger workers due to minimal experience, but they are also not hiring the elderly for age related reasons. With the retiring age rising, it has become difficult for older people looking for work to find jobs. The elderly struggle to find work due to age discrimination, yet are required to work till retirement age. This issues study focuses on age discrimination in the Australian workforce and how it affects Australian businesses as well as the economy due to imbalanced age groups employed in workplaces. Many†¦show more content†¦This issues study analyses the impact of Age Discrimination in the Australian workforce. Occupations that significantly discriminate against people due to their age are jobs such as construction, building industry, information technology, manufacturing, education, administration and many more. Current trends employers withstand are age and over qualification which should both be completely disregarded as those workplaces shouldn’t be reliant on that but by their capabilities, experience and transference of skills.( rewrite this does not make sense) Implications and complications regarding ageism is early retirement and not meeting the required Australian standard retire age and/or gaining experience for future endeavours therefore there is no progress in Australian businesses affecting the economy. (This needs to be rewritten so it makes sense) To gather the required information and to examine this issue in depth, the investigation process was undertaken with a combination of primary and secondary sources that then were compared and connected to form to a conclusion. Many current articles and videos were researched, as well as up to date Australian government laws and regulations. Stereotypes are more so the reason behind the age discrimination in the Australian workforces. They have the inevitable capability to distort people hence theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Ageism On The Delivery Of Nursing Care For The Older Person1736 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide the audience with an understanding of ageism in healthcare by critically analyzing the impact of ageism on the delivery of nursing care for the older person. This essay will be based from the perspective of the impact of a registered nurse’s ageist behaviour on the older patient, the nursing care of the older patient and the impact on colleagues in the health care team. This essay will also discuss theories and relevant principles of ageism, nursing care and the health care environmentRead MoreAge Stratification1183 Words   |  5 Pagesstatus. Age stratification and ageism are very closely related; one cannot exist without the other. Age stratification separates people into three primary groups according to their age; the young, the old and the rest. Ageism is the process of systematic stereotyping or discrimination, takes over from there by being an enacted series of prejudices against a person or group based on their age, just as racism and sexism accomplish with skin colour and gender. Ageism allows the younger generations toRead MoreAttitude Toward Elderly1650 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica and Australia, the attitudes expressed by the community towards older people are very different when compared to one another. 1. In the 1960s, Robert Butler coined the phrase ageism, which he defined as: â€Å"A process of systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old, just as racism and sexism accomplish this with skin color and gender. 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(McShane Travaglione, 2007) What kinds of Stereotyping are there in the working world? Ageism is a stereotyping of and discrimination against people due to the fact that they are too old or too young. Old people (those born in days of Radio Babies and Baby boomers) are categorized as slower, rigid in thought, less adaptable, old-fashionedRead MoreAgeism As A Diversity Issue Essay2112 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction Ageism is surprisingly common in Australia, particularly within the workforce. The definition of ageism in working life according to Furunes and Mykletun (2009), is the â€Å"stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination against ageing workers, based on chronological age or age categories such as older worker or senior†. This phenomenon has seen older workers increasingly subjected to biases and discriminatory practices when seeking and maintaining employment. Hence, the importance for organisationsRead MoreThe Human Resource Manager Of Coolsworth Limited2020 Words   |  9 Pagesmajority of today’s human resource managers assume that the most desirable and inexpensive employees are younger applicants. However, mature employees are a valuable and often disregarded asset for increased productivity for organisations’ all over Australia (Silberman, 2010). Mature workers can incorporate a wide variety of talent, knowledge and skills. Additionally, the built up knowledg e of older workers can be used in the workplace for mentoring programs that can reduce staff turnover, train employeesRead MoreGerontology : Aging And Old Age2049 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough older adults may have more free time, when compared to younger adults it does not always result in leisure participation. There are many social barriers, which may prevent older adults from partaking in leisure, for the purpose of this essay, ageism, gender and class will be discussed. Sociology is the study of society (Holmes, Hughes Julian, 2012, p. 4). In particular, the ways in which human beings are divided, due to group identities and individuality (Holmes et al, 2012, p. 4). SociologyRead MoreAgeism And Ageism1059 Words   |  5 Pages1. Ageism is a stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination directed at someone because of his or her age. There are negative and positive stereotypes .For example considering all older people are as a wise, perfect grandparents, vulnerable, bad tempered. 2. Life expectancy, life span and longevity closely related terms. Lifespan is the period of time that an individual is alive. The average lifespan is the life expectancy for a particular group. Longevity is the maximum lifespan. The life expectancyRead MoreMovie Review - the Kings Speech Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe King’s Speech I watched The King’s Speech for my movie critique at home. This film tells the story of Prince Albert, the Duke of York, and how he overcame a life-long speech impediment with the help of Lionel Logue, a speech therapist from Australia. The movie begins with Prince Albert (Colin Firth) attempting to deliver a speech written by his father at the closing ceremony of the Empire Exhibition. We find out that the king has already spoken, as well as Prince Albert’s older brother, the

What Are Your Opinions About - 1224 Words

I remember a number of occasions during my early years when I would try to argue with my mother, and in my mother tongue, she would repeatedly say the same words; words that loosely translate to the English language as â€Å"invest a few moments in â€Å"thinking†; it will pay good interest. I never really understood what my mother’s words meant, until a few years ago when I realized that she had been advising me to think critically. In our world today, arguments or discussions about one’s point of view with other parties or individuals are a familiar part of daily conversation. Questions like â€Å"What are your opinions about†¦?†, â€Å"How do you feel about†¦?† are the norm. The ability to convincingly defend and explain one s point of view to others is of†¦show more content†¦In a deeper sense, critical thinking is self-directed, disciplined, monitored and corrective mode of thinking about any given subject or â€Å"problemà ¢â‚¬  in which the critical thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it. Critical thinking involves careful and analytical thinking that finds a â€Å"positive† path between different points of the thinker’s-conceived problem-solving map. It is vital to note that although critical thinking is mainly about problem solving abilities, effective communication is also a vital part of it. On the other hand, reflective judgment is defined [by the Merriam-Webster dictionary] as â€Å"a judgment that proceeds from given particulars to the discovery of a general concept or universal principle under which the particulars may be subsumed†. In simpler terms, reflective judgment is the ability to evaluate knowledge claims and to explain and defend a point of view on a controversial issue or an ill-structured problem or a problem that cannot be resolved with absolute certainty. Critical thinking and Reflective judgment are often distinguished by the kind of problem-solving they address. Critical thinking focuses on well-structured problems while reflective judgment focuses on the capacity or ability to solve ill-structured problems. In today’s world, human beings are bound to have conflicting or competing perspectives on a particular subject or issue on a daily basis. On a

Emergency Evacuation and Assembly Area Free Essays

Instructions: Read Modules 3 – 6 from CWTS01 Program Module that is posted on the top of the Weekly Outline page. After reading it, read the case analysis for module 3 up to 6 and then answer the following questions. For Module 3: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency Evacuation and Assembly Area or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research on the Institute‘s fire / earthquake evacuation procedure. What are the steps that the school must observe during such emergency cases? * Before Fire or Earthquake: -Assist in training of emergency personnel under their command. – Designate an assembly area (or areas) for the building. Occupants of the building should be directed to assemble in this area when required to evacuate the building in an emergency. This will facilitate checking that all occupants are safe and enable speedy return to the building when the â€Å"all clear† is given. -Ensure that on each floor, or in each area, a current list of Floor and Area Wardens (and telephone numbers) is displayed, together with an emergency floor plan. The emergency floor plan should show all rooms, exits, assembly area to be used in case of fire or emergency, fire alarms, extinguishers, fire hose reels and special emergency equipment. In the case of Fire or Emergency (the assistance of a deputy may be required to undertake some of these tasks): -Respond immediately to an alarm, determine the nature of the emergency. -Initiate Emergency Evacuation Procedures for the building. -Direct the actions of Floor and Area Wardens within the building. – Check that all occupants have proceeded to the designated a ssembly area. -In consultation with the Fire Service and the Emergency -Coordinator, advise occupants when it is safe to return to the building. 2. Do you agree with the current evacuation procedures being implemented? Justify your answer. I agree. Evacuation from buildings may be necessary as the result of fire, explosion, chemical leak, structural fault, equipment failure or bomb threat. These guidelines must be prepared principally for fire emergencies, but they are suitable for use in other emergencies like earthquakes. 3. What problems do you think the students may encounter while conducting the evacuation? Stampede, chaos, panic are problems I think students may encounter while conducting the evacuation. 4. What plan of action/s do you suggest to address the possible problems the students may encounter during an evacuation? To initiate or exercise fire and earthquake drills. For Module 4: 1. Based on the story presented on the case analysis, what is / are main character’s concern/s? Being not able to attend formal schooling, Mang Deolito is a no read, no write person. 2. How is the case of the main character similar to the other out-of-school youths in the country? Because of poverty, a lot of parents can’t afford to send their children to school. 3. What are the probable causes of the prevalent cases of individuals unable to attend school? Poverty and lack of interest are the causes of the prevalent cases of individuals unable to attend school. 4. How can the problem of illiteracy in the Philippines be properly addressed? Government should provide free education for those people who are less fortunate. Free books should be provided for them to use and read. 5. How can the K+12 of the PNOY government alleviate the education here in the Philippines? Justify your answer. One of the major pros that the program has to offer is that additional years of education will make Filipino students more mature, competent, well-rounded, and globally competitive. Our students will benefit a lot from this as long as the government will provide the best curriculum suited to every student. For Module 5: 1. What are the current concerns of the said Barangay on the case analysis in terms of their youth groups? Some of the vendors reported a group of teenagers were seen sniffing solvents and rugby, smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol in the area. Other vendors even claimed that they also use drugs and create a disturbance to the market stalls. These teenagers use the market place as their tambayan. They can be seen together almost from day to night. They also like to entice others to join them in their activities, some who refuse were seen with bruises. Moreover, the group likes to engage into fights with other groups they see as inferior. 2. What plans or undertakings do you suggest to respond to the concerns that the brgy. is facing in terms of recreation? First curfew should be implemented. For instance, at 10pm, no teenagers below 18 yrs. Should be seen roaming around outside their house. Kagawads should be visible at all times. In terms of recreation, aside from sportsfest, singing and dancing contest, beauty pageants and other recreations can be added to the program. For Module 6: 1. As a mapuan, how do you exercise the values being promoted by the Institute? DECIR (Discipline, Excellence, Commitment, Relevance, Integrity) I exercise these values by following school rules like falling in line when in the bookstore or canteen. Or just by simply attending my class on time. 2. Other than the DECIR, what other values do you think are being practised by the Mapuans? Patience and Honesty. 3. Suppose that the person on the case analysis is your friend. What pieces of advice can you give for him to appreciate the NSTP-CWTS Program of the Institute? Being a diligent person, I would advise him to internalize the importance of attending the NSTP-CWTS Program of the Institute. How to cite Emergency Evacuation and Assembly Area, Papers

Evaluation free essay sample

Evaluations are important tools to understand why decisions are made and the factors evaluated to assist individuals in determining his or her goals, career choice, skills, and interest. Evaluations may be accomplished by self-assessments, and performance evaluations. Self-assessments and performance evaluations are essential tools to encourage and develop critical thinking skills. These tools may assist in personal and professional skill development. Understanding why we make the choices we make and what factors influence our decisions allows us to improve our decision making skills. Below is a standardized performance evaluation used by my wife, Kimberly Davis, from a previous job. Various areas that assist in job performance are evaluated based on overall competency of the job. Performance Evaluation Appraisal Score Name: Kimberly Davis Hire Date: 10 AUG 2008 Job Title: Medical Records TechDepartment: Patient Admin Division Division: Admissions and dispositionsManager Name: SFC Moore Review Period: 01 OCT 2010 to 30 SEP 2011 Purpose of Appraisal: ___For current employees during their 1st 3 months in a new position _X Annual evaluation Exceptional (5): Consistently exceeds all relevant performance standards. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Provides leadership, innovation, and generates top quality work. Exceeds Expectations (4): Consistently meets and often exceeds all relevant performance standards. Shows initiative and versatility, works collaboratively, and has achieved significant improvement in technical amp; interpersonal areas. Meets Expectations (3): Meets all relevant performance standards. Lacks appropriate level of skills or inexperience/still learning the scope of job. Below Expectations (2): Sometimes meets the performance standards. Performance has declined significantly, or employee has not sustained adequate improvement. Needs Improvement (1): Consistently falls short of performance standards. Performance Factors | Self Assessment| Supervisorassessment| Comments:| Quality of WorkNeatness, timeliness, attention to detail; adherence of duties and procedures in Job description. Work HabitsAttendance; punctuality; organization. | 44| 55| Ms. Sanders has been the glue that has been holding the Admission and dispositions office together. She not only volunteers to cover extra shifts that needed to be covered.

Plagiarism and Cheating Essays - Misconduct, Deception,

Plagiarism and Cheating Cause and Effect Essay School systems today are so lenient in their rules, guidelines and consequences; thus causing cheating, copying or forgeries to be frequently used. Many students take advantage of copying someone else's work whenever they are given the chance. Other times, students will simply have someone else do their work and turn it in as their own, not realizing the effects this behavior can create. This creates a lack of creativity, no sense of responsibility and the students will never acquire new knowledge. These practices of cheating, copying and forgery by students are unethical and should be brought to the surface whenever possible. Students that copy other student's work are hurting themselves in the long run. Their creativity level drops every time they copy or have someone else do their work. After a while of copying and forging, the student's ability to think creatively and successfully becomes next to nothing. "Educators must continue to socialize students of all ages about the importance of maintaining high ethical standards," (Glazer 222). The educational system is where students learn these tricks and proceed to carry them on into there professional careers. Corners are too easy to cut these days, and in order for people to keep their minds as functional as possible, they need to do their own work. It is too easy for students to buy a students paper that had the same class the quarter before, reword it a little, and turn it in as their own. Students are no longer able to write a fictional story by themselves because the computer or someone else can do it for them. Students also begin to lose the sense of responsibility when they have other people do their work. They don't feel that they have to do anything to pass a class, only that as long as they turn in a paper, their thoughts or not, they will receive credit for the assignment along with a passing grade. This creates the feeling that life will always be a handed to them on a silver platter. This type of thinking is what is going into the work environment when these people leave the education system. Employers don't want workers that can't pull their own weight, and that is all they are going to get from these people that think cutting corners is all right. Even worse is when these people that "cut the corners" hold management positions. These "crooked managers" infringe on the ethical workers by asking them to do unethical practices on the job, such as asking their factory workers to pretend they didn't see the failing scores from the health and safety inspections. Thanks to "ethical resis ters" some of these unethical practices are being brought to the surface, exposed and corrected. Along with losing their creativity, the students that copy other's work never get to feel that sense of accomplishment that comes when the paper you have been working on is finally complete. They don't get the uplifting feeling when they get their paper back and they have received a good score. The feeling isn't there because the work isn't their own. They use other people to receive the score, but they feel nothing. If they never have that feeling, there is nothing to motivate these people to do better the next time around. Yet, there may be one thing that is the worst of all when people pass off someone else's work as their own. That would be that the forger doesn't gain any knowledge. People can only learn from the things they do, and if someone else is doing their work, they are never going to learn anything. Making mistakes and learning from them may be one of the most effective methods of learning. For instance, if a student performs extremely poorly on a very important paper, chances are that student will always remember what they did wrong and what would have been better, where as the same student wont even remember the lecture that was taught for an entire week straight. If people don't do the work themselves, they can never learn from their mistakes. These people that cheat will go through life expecting someone else

drinking problem essays

drinking problem essays How do you tell if someone has a drinking problem? It is often a judgment made after assessing the persons drinking habits, how much and when, the effect on him emotionally and physically also family members, friends, employers, and the law. Although there are some ways to find out whether or not someone has a drinking problem, there is also no single set of criteria, which defines the problem drinker. You can ask whether the drinking has affected the persons physical and emotional well being. Has his relationships with his family and friends been affected? Has the persons job been affected, missing work because of drinking, been reprimanded by his employer? Has the person been in trouble with the law because of drinking? In more areas where alcohol has had an effect the more likely the persons drinking is problematic. Here are some definitions on different types of drinkers. First the moderate drinker. This type drinks occasionally or a relatively small amount of alcohol with some regularity. Such people are ones who have a cocktail before dinner or wine with their meal. Second is the heavy drinker. This is one who drinks everyday for at least a year. Also every week or two during the year a heavy drinker will drink more than six drinks at one setting. An important part of this definition is that no problems are reported as a result of the drinking. Last we will discuss the problem drinker. This type drinks as much as the heavy drinker, but drinking has caused problems in their lives. Which may include drinking to deal with lifes pressures and disappointments. he problem drinker has not crossed the line that separates problems drinking from alcoholism. The line between problem drinking and alcoholism is when the problems related to his drinking become more specific and less general. The person seems to have lost control of his drinking, friends and families disapprove of the persons drinking, and the drink ...

Batek Tribe of Malaysia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Batek Tribe of Malaysia - Research Paper Example The paper tells that in our life we have â€Å"a web of values, meanings, and behavior† which is deeply infused in our everyday life. This is the essence of culture and it plays an important role in our lives. In a particular habitat where human beings stay they are considered to be the â€Å"ecologically dominant component.† Humans have always appropriated nature including the living and inanimate ambience to suit their purpose. One thing has to be kept in mind that a change occurs in humans over time which is both cultural as well as biological. However humans have always adapted to the change and progressed. Human beings have always selected established and refined modes of production so that there is an existence of long term coordination and settlement in a particular area. A change in the subsistence will not only bring about changes in conditions pertaining to food production but also in the socio- cultural base of a community. Thus we can say that a change in su bsistence is closely related to cultural changes. Subsistence mode differs among tribes in different places across the world. The pattern of the mode in turn also affects different aspects of the culture. The tribe selected here is the Batek of Malaysia and their chief mode of subsistence is foraging. Foraging, or hunting and gathering are considered to be the â€Å"oldest form of human society† and here survival was based on the exploitation of â€Å"flora and fauna.† People here mostly lived in small and independent communities. Nomadic lifestyle was followed here and goods produced were meant for self consumption. In this mode there is the strengthening of people’s obligations to each other because of continuous movement of goods through â€Å"kinship ties and residential proximity.† Here one cannot find the existence of personal wealth as there is the obligation to share and due to the nomadic life. Exercising authority over others on the basis of con trol over others is absent in this form and as a result there is the existence an â€Å"egalitarian structure in foraging societies† (Nowak & Laird, 2010). In this respect the paper seeks to examine the impact of subsistence mode and culture on the Batek tribe of Malaysia. One can see that there is a deep association between subsistence mode and culture. Culture is something that is inculcated by the Batek and it is often adapted to suit the changing subsistence mode. The Batek Tribe – basic characteristics and subsistence In the modern world people in order to keep pace with the ever changing world adopt new subsistence mode and move on in life. Even tribes often forced by circumstances abandon their traditional modes and adopts the latest to keep pace with the world in the name of development. Amidst this there is still the existence of the Batek tribe who has been foragers and they had been living like this for a long time. The Batek of Malaysia living in the penins ular region still follows foraging as their subsistence mode. At present most of them lives around Taman Negara, Peninsular Malaysia’s national park. Prior to this until 1970 most of them had been residing in the lowland rain forests which was field with ample flora and fauna was very much suitable for foraging type of subsistence. It is believed that both culturally and biologically the Batek are the descendents of the earliest human population found in the Malay Peninsula known as â€Å"Hoabinhians.† The Batek society follows the pattern of a nuclear family. So we find that the married couples in this tribe are independent in their decisions to live and to choose the kind of work they desire. â€Å"Personal autonomy† is very much valued by the Batek and any form of force is not seen over here. The authority of the parents over their children is found to be week. Orthodox views in case of marriages and divorces are not observed in this society. Men and women ar e free to choose their spouses and in

ITM 501 Mgt. Information. System. and Bus. Strategy SESSION LONG Essay

ITM 501 Mgt. Information. System. and Bus. Strategy SESSION LONG PROJECT 1 FRITO-LAY, NASA & GOOGLE - Essay Example The definition of Knowledge management is similar in the three cases and there is a clear focus on accumulating all the knowledge that is available across the organization to build one strong and effective knowledge database. The three companies have faced several problems. Taking the case of Frito Lays, it is clear that the company faced the issue of working unnecessarily to find customers and for sales. It is noted that all the employees worked on the same processes to gain the same information. In the case of NASA, the problem that the organization faces is that it needed a central point for all the information to be provided so all employees in the organization can learn and benefit from the previous mistakes and experiments of others in the organization (DowJones). Also the issue is the amount of risk involved in the space exploration and the human space flights which indeed need a through and well designed and implemented work to ensure that all the NASA employees have the specialized knowledge and are in track with all the events that occur within the company. The lack of centralized point was the main issue of NASA (Murphy and Holm). In the case of Dow Jones, the company has a wide range of data and knowledge and is spread across the over 157 countries with over 23 languages. Hence again the company lacks a well designed and centralized place for all information. The solution implemented by each of the companies is very similar and there is a main idea of developing a centralized control for the company employees to easily access and use to work more effectively (Murphy and Holm). One of the only major differences that is present is that NASA has a more developed and has used higher technology to develop a more complex system, this however is simply due to the nature of the business. The solutions have been

How is Gender, Class, Race and Ethnicity Signicant in America Today Essay

How is Gender, Class, Race and Ethnicity Signicant in America Today - Essay Example It is therefore important that the society is able to plan for its operations taking into consideration the abilities of its members. According to Wade (96), these are aspects of identity but all in all they create a distinction between individuals. There is the positive and progressive way of consideration of these factors of distinction and there is the negative and retrogressive consideration. This is purely a matter of perception it is that of a person either seeing a half full glass or the half empty glass. This paper therefore seeks to find out the relevance of these major distinctions in America today. Introduction Identity is the first strength that a human being has. One can not determine what identity he is given by nature. We have no ability to choose the social class in which we are born. We have no power to predetermine the race, the gender and the ethnicity. Nature predetermines this to achieve its own balance. The balance is achieved because of all the factors that are given come with abilities that are pertinent to the growth and development of the surrounding of the given entity. To understand the importance of this factors of identity it important to check the inner details of each one of them. In social planning it is important that a government that has been mandated by the people to protect the minority. Among the distinguishing factors come the factors that define identity. The actual number of the people under a given stratification gives the government an insight on what provisions to make (Karim pg1). Gender According to Gurian (10) the fact is a community is stratified in two categories; it is either one is male or female. The art of people of the two genders working together is based on core strength and not science or intellectual ability. Nature has predetermined that the two genders complement each other in a natural way and therefore such are there abilities. In the issues of leadership men have been known to be decisive and this has been highly complimented by women who take their time to analyze and consult. This is the fall back fact of democracy in the world. There are societal issues that affect only the a specific gender therefore for the government to be able to make relevant legislations and provisions it is important that the issue at hand is uplifted and therefore observed in a positive light. Is this is undertaken then it is clear that all the relevant structures to address those specific issues effectively. Traditionally the issue of gender has been a competition platform of the two sexes. But with the modern times and the female gender having made significant advances it has come to be appreciated that the two need each other for the betterment of the society. This however has not been fully achieved as there is still need for affirmative action in favor of the female gender. It is still normal to see the female discriminated against as a result of their gender. This has been so despite the fact that the world has come to accept that the intellectual ability of an individual is not based on gender (Glenn pg 4). The mandate of the government is then to decrease the stereotype minds set and give the same opportunities for the two genders to have fair competition for the resources that can be available to the society. The significance therefore lies in the planning and implementation of all the aspects that are important to achieve the parity

The Introduction To The Reflective Practice Education Essay

The Introduction To The Reflective Practice Education Essay Introduction Johns and Freshwaters (1998) define reflection as accessing and looking back into previous experiences helping to develop tacit and intuitive knowledge. Reflection as having to develop tacit and intuitive knowledge as defined by Johns and Freshwaters (1998) means having a common understanding about something with being sensitive to links with previous knowledge and experiences. Ghaye and Lillyman (2000) also defined reflection as a transformative process that changes or alters individuals and their motives. Reflection is also a way to reach awareness of how and why things have happened as stated by Johns (2002). Bout et al (1985) however gave a more in depth definition of what reflection is, they suggested that reflection in the context of learning is a generic term for those intellectual activities in which individual engage in on a daily basis to explore their experiences that will lead them to newer understandings and appreciations of what they have done. Moon (1999) concluded tha t reflection appears to be the engine that shifts learning into deep learning and that reflection transforms knowing in action into knowledge in action as stated by Moon (1999) and Schon (1983). Baird and Henderson (2001) then argued that this occurs because reflection allows an individual to gain the proper perspective on the field of action and to attain the understanding of the change in practice required. Reflection is also the process of reviewing an experience in order to describe, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice as defined by Reid (1993). Reflection in the context of learning helps us to learn and grow and develop within ourselves. He also believes that reflection is an active process that requires self-control and self-discipline for it to be focused on one direction that could lead to personal development in practice. Learning can be defined as multi-dimensional in terms of where and how it takes place and yet, learning is also a very individual process and what is carried forward by an individual is what can only be truly be gauged by the learner. West et al. (2007) defines lifewide learning as a form of learning that is not only limited to the classroom, but also extends into many other areas of life. This means that we dont just learn in classrooms but we also learn by the experiences we go through in our lives. This is where reflection comes into relation as a way of learning as Moon (1999) concluded that reflection appears to be the engine that shifts learning into deep learning. Lifelong learning also refers to a process of learning that continues across our lives (Jarvis, 2004). This means that, we never stop learning as we grow older and that we learn different things as each day comes. In relation to nursing, lifelong learning is a professional reality for nurses and other health care pro fessionals because the healthcare and the technologies that support it are constantly evolving. Because of this, learning in the healthcare industry often takes place in the form of practice development and professional development (Mason and Whitehead-Mason, 2008). Many models have been introduced to aid people to reflect effectively with positive results. Taylor (2000) suggested that reflection requires effort that utilises the qualities of determination, courage, and a sense of humour in order to be able to deal with what an individual might find out. This means that an individual reflecting into something must possess these qualities in order to establish an effective outcome. For that, there have been many reflective models that have been introduced to suit the reflector. Using a model helps an individual to identify key stages of his or her reflective learning and the structure can help the individual to keep going when he or she is dealing with complex situations. It is then important to choose what model suits the individuals needs and that he or she might find it easy to use. Reflective cycles offer the possibility to connect what has been learned from one experience with another. One of the most widely used reflective cycles is Gibbs (1998) reflective cycle. The cycle outlines specific steps to guide the learning individual through different processes. The first step of the cycle is to ask the learner to describe an event that has happened which then leads on the second stage where the individual thinks about how he or she felt during the event relating to what has been described in the first stage, by acknowledging the emotions involved during the event, the learner will be able to consider processes such as how to deal and cope with emotions in difficult situations that may be aroused by caring work and learning. Thirdly, the learner then evaluates the event or activity whether it was good or bad and what steps needs to be considered following the event. Evaluation also allows the learner to begin thinking about what are the main issues that needs to b e resolved. This stage can then lead the learner to analyse in greater detail by considering what knowledge is available or might need to be developed, and what other choices might have been available in the given event or situation and the possible consequences if one of those choices had been chosen instead. The analysis of the event will help the learner to critically think about what has really happened and what steps should be made in order for him or her to solve the given situation and to reflect upon on. Given the analysis of the situation or event, this stage will help the learner to make sense of what has happened which will lead to the stage of coming up with a conclusion from what they have thought about during the whole process. The conclusion will ask the learner what other steps could have been done to improve the given event or situation which will then lead to an action plan. Another model that can be used in reflection is Driscolls (2007, p44.) reflective cycle. Driscoll developed Bortons (1970) 3 stem questions; what?, so what?, and what now?. He matched the three questions to the stages of an experimental learning cycle and this cycle views reflection as a process of interrogating. These three questions encompass the need to be clear in the interpretation, interrogation and presentation of learning through reflection. By using this model of reflection, the learner will then ask him or herself three simple questions. The first question or the what stage will always refer to being able to describe the given situation in words. Some trigger questions maybe what happened? or what was my reaction to the event or situation?. The next stage is the so what stage where the learner begins to analyse the important aspects of the given situation and experience from which new findings can be made. And the final question is the what now? stage where the individual p roposes new actions based on the findings that was found in the second stage which may be reworked in multiple different situations. This model of reflection is simple but effective because it is easy to remember three simple questions and can easily be asked as a part of most conversation between individuals within practice (Jasper 2003). Johns (2004) developed a model for structured reflection. This identifies how an individual might want to examine his or her experience more extensively and in greater depth in order to really learn from it. The models starting point is the creation of a space for reflection which means stilling the mind so it can focus. The model then encompasses a number of reflective cues or questions in which the practitioner or individual is asked to think about in the course of reflecting on a given situation. The cues are: aesthetics, personal, ethical, empirical and reflexive aspects. Aesthetics relates to how the individual feels about, responds to and perceives the situation and those involved. Personal aspects explore what from the person was influencing them. Ethics refers how actions are related to ethical guidelines and beliefs. Empirics are concerned with what knowledge is used and lastly, reflexivity relates to how experiences are connected and the possibility of given alternatives to doing things differently. Reflective Practice Schon (1991) identified reflective practice as an important aspect of the learning life of professionals. Rolfe (1998) also defined reflective practice as a process that develops understandings of what it means to be a practitioner and makes the link between theory and practice through the practitioner consciously thinking through the individuals experience as stated by Jasper (2003). This concept is particularly important for practitioners to aid the development of a clearer understanding of their position and support the learning and developing of new skills, with this context, reflection occurs within the experience or by looking further back at the previous experience. This is where the idea of reflective practice comes in hand. Schon (1991) identified these concepts and ideas as reflection in action and reflection on action. Reflection in action is defined as knowing what to do and making a difference within a given situation whereas reflection on action is referred to as examin ing some of those in moment decisions for the possibility of differing choices. Reflective practice requires careful consideration of knowledge and ideas and also, reflective practice considers practice as a holistic entity that cannot be always be rationalised as holism means looking at the wider picture and going in greater detail with it. This therefore concludes that reflective practice is based on an individuals own experiences and intuitive learning. Knowledge derived from practice does not always add up to professional knowledge unless it has been reflected on for its significance (Eraut, 1994).

The Meaning of Life Essay example -- essays research papers

The Meaning of Life The most difficult thing in life is finding something worth living for. The second most difficult thing is knowing when you've found it...... by Jamie Andreas Okay, let's be light hearted for once. Let's not talk about some heavy subject. Let's pick something more down to earth and fun. How about the meaning of life? Yes, the meaning of life, and the purpose of our lives. Teen-agers (that group of people who are most likely to begin to play the guitar) love to think about this. Since they are about to embark on that part of life called "being an adult", they like to question whether there is anything about it that makes it worth the bother. A 17 year old student once put it to me very poignantly. He said, â€Å"When I look at the world, and I see what most of the adults I know are doing with their lives, and how they feel about their jobs, it is not very inspiring. I listen to people tell me I should play the game, and work hard to get good grades, so I can get a good job and all that. It all seems to have about as much meaning as going in to the library and memorizing the entire card catalog! What for? What's the point?" And I said to him â€Å"You are exactly right. There is no point. There is no meaning to life." And I firmly believe that. I am going to make two points now. One, there is no meaning to life; you must create the meaning of life, and most especially, your life. And two, there most definitely is a purpose to life, and especially to your life, but you must discover it. These two ideas work together. Once you find your purpose, you will be able to see the "meaning" of your life. What does the word "meaning" mean? People are always asking what is the meaning of life, what is the meaning of death, what is the meaning of me losing my job, losing my hair, etc, etc. Well, you see the point is, there is no answer to the question because it is the wrong question. Only a person who doesn't know what the word meaning means will ask that question. Meaning means "to recognize a significance beyond the thing itself, or in other words, "to point to something beyond itself" And the recognition of that significance, seeing how anything you look at points to something beyond itself, is a creative act on the part of every individual, and it is also the responsibility of every individual. When ... ...ur purpose. Move toward what feels good. B.B. King, Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, all have used nothing but the five notes of a minor pentatonic scale their whole lives! It is all they need for what they want to say. Maybe you need to learn to read music, maybe you don't. Maybe you need to know many chord inversions and scales, maybe you don't. It depends on what you want to say with your music. And what you want to say depends on how you feel. How do you feel? Maybe you are frustrated and confused when you think about this. That is good. Frustration is a push on the back, to get you moving, so you will look around and make discoveries. Make sure you use it that way. Don't stay in one place, or the push on the back will knock you over! The rule for the artist, for the musician, must be "if it feels good, do it". Following your feeling is how that feeling becomes "solidified" into a piece of music, so that it can be communicated and felt by someone else. Bad music is made by people who don't actually feel their feelings. They may not know it, but their music has no meaning, and no purpose. Have you found something worth living for? Is it waiting to be recognized?

Stanley Milgram

Megan Randolph RC 250 Marcia Clay 11/3/09 A Summary of Stanley Milgram’s Obedience Study Stanley Milgram, a professor of social psychology, conducted a research study beginning in July of 1961. This research measured the willingness of participants to either obey or disobey an authority figuring giving them on a conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. Milgram set up this experiment at Yale University to test how much pain an ordinary citizen would inflict on another person just because an experimental scientist ordered him to.Virtually one thousand adults were observed in this experiment, and several different conditions were launched to find a limit to which the candidate would continue the order from the experimenter or refuse the order and end the experiment. This experiment consisted of a triangle, beginning with the experimenter, which was the authority, the executant, which was the participant, and the victim, which was the learner. Both learner and teacher were given a sample 45-volt electric shock from an apparatus attached to a chair into which the â€Å"actor-learner† was to be strapped.The fictitious story given to the â€Å"teachers† was that the experiment was intended to explore the effects of punishment for incorrect responses on learning behavior. The participants were first paid to participate in the experiment making it feel more real. A progression of unrevealed subjects in their roles as teacher were given simple memory tasks in the form of reading lists of two word pairs. The teacher then asked the â€Å"learner† to read them back and was instructed to administer a shock by pressing a button each time the learner made a mistake.It was understood that the electric shocks were to be of increased by 15 volts in intensity for each mistake the â€Å"learner† made during the experiment, while the actor/learner screamed and yelled louder every time. The participant believed that for every wrong answer, the learner was receiving actual shocks. In Fact, there was a pre-determined script that the teacher had no idea about. The idea that the subject thought these shocks were actually taking place, and they continued to follow the orders, is where the experiment became disturbing.This experiment, testing the willingness of normal people to carry out unethical acts, was life changing in how Milgram viewed the larger culture, for the worse. Milgram stated after completing the experiment, â€Å"†¦ the most fundamental lesson of our study: ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive process. † â€Å"This is scary, this is the definition of our greater public, and it’s all shown through this Behavioral Study of Obedience,† states Milgram.Sixty five percent of participants made it to the final 450-volt shock in Mailgrams first study. Milgram tested the experi ment in four different ways of the immediacy of the victim. Beginning with the first condition, the victim was placed in another room and could not be seen or heard by the participant, only pounding on the wall when volts reached over 300. This condition was titled remote feedback, and was revealed to be easier for the participant to continue the experiment without remorse.The second condition is where the voice protests were commenced and the teacher could hear the victim’s complaints titled voice feedback. Although they could hear the learner, the victims were still easily put out of mind because they could not be seen. The third experimental condition, Milgram placed the victim in the same room as the participant, being both visible and audible, the proximity. When the victim was close it was more difficult to exclude him, making it more difficult for the participants to obey the experimenter.Lastly, the fourth condition was the touch proximity, where the victim received a shock only when his hand rested on the shock plate. When the victim would refused to place his hand on the plate, the experimenter would order the participant to come in physical contact with the victim and force his hand onto the plate. â€Å" The Mechanism of denial can no longer be brought into play† in the proximity conditions. It’s not as easy to harm a person when you can visually see the pain one is inflicting. Forty adult subjects were studies in each condition.The data revealed â€Å"that obedience was significantly reduced as the victim was rendered more immediate to the subject†. According to Stanley Milgram’s report Some Conditions of Obedience and Disobedience to Authority, there are many different factors they may affect the end result of a subjects obedience to a dominating figure. These factors include, the immediacy of the victim, closeness of authority, tensions, and background authority. The locality of each situation showed difference s in the responses of the participant and their willingness to obey or disobey the experimenter.

International Adoption essays

International Adoption essays There are many reasons as to why people choose to adopt a child. Sometimes it has to do with infertility and couples decide to adopt children because, I could not have biological children and I do not believe in some methods of fertility treatments (Carney), but there are other reasons too. According to Christine Adamec, some people think that it is better to adopt than to bring another child into the world. Others do not want to pass a certain genetic problem onto other generations, and some have medical problems that would make the pregnancy more difficult than usual, or even harmful to the mothers health. These types of adoptive parents are called preferential adopters (Adamec, 18-19). Most adoption agencies in the United States turn down couples who are fertile. A statement from their physician describing their infertility is required. Since fertile couples are turned down, they generally adopt a child from another country (Adamec, 18-19). The web page adopt.org/ states that since birth control and abortions are accessible to most United States citizens, fewer unplanned babies are born and a good number of unmarried mothers are choosing to keep their babies. There are relatively few healthy, United States born babies compared to the number of people looking to adopt. The number of foreign-born orphans adopted by United States citizens has risen from 9,356 in 1988 to 15,774 in 1998. This large number of foreign-born orphans adopted by United States citizens is this way because interracial adoption is no longer an issue because in October of 1995 the Multi-Ethnic Placement Act was passed. This act bars any agency involved in adoption that receives federal funding from discriminating because of race when considering adoption opportunities for children (adopt.org/). Even thought this act is geared more towards domestic adoption than international adoption, it has occurred in inter...

Juveniles And The Death Penalty Essays - Law, Misconduct

Juveniles And The Death Penalty Essays - Law, Misconduct Juveniles And The Death Penalty Juveniles and the Death Penalty Why its not a Deterrent, and How it can Become One Today, minors are using their age as a shield against capital punishment. I feel the death penalty is appropriate for juveniles in certain circumstances, such as murder and brutal crimes that are considered capital offenses. The rate at which the death penalty is carried out, as well as inconstancies in sentencing doesnt make it a deterrent. There should not be an age limit in all capital offenses for those who could face the death penalty and knew what he or she was doing was wrong, and a crime. Age limits do not predict when one is able to handle responsibilities. What they do is assume one should be able to take on new responsibilities, laws, and issues. One is not suddenly capable of driving at sixteen, and not immediately given the knowledge of the voting system at eighteen. How does a specific age predict when a person knows right from wrong? By not having a minimum age for juvenile offenders in capital offenses, juveniles special rights and immunities would be taken away. Thes e rights for juveniles exist so justice courts can provide measures of guidance and rehabilitation for the youth by using mentors in society. There have been several laws made for juveniles regarding the age they could be tried as adults in capital cases. Although, the age limit varies from state to state, and even then that age isnt always followed due to different situations in cases. This is what I mean by inconsistencies among court cases. These laws were made because some youth who was not yet considered an adult committed a horrific crime and knew what he or she was doing when the crime took place. These juveniles perform the same malicious acts as adult capital offenders. They need to be punished for their actions just as the adults are so they know they cant get away with crime just because their age says theyre not an adult yet. Thirty-eight states and the federal government created statutes authorizing the death penalty for certain forms of murder and other capital offenses. Presently, fifteen states have chosen the minimum age of eighteen for a youth to be considered for the death penalty, four have chosen the age of seventeen, and twenty states have chosen sixteen as a minimum age. There was one agreement among justices regarding the Constitution which doesnt say juveniles cant receive the death penalty. The Constitution, which has its roots in English Common law, is not in violation of the cases of juvenile death penalties. Before having a minimum age limit in effect, English Common law had a direct influence on the Constitution. This common law, carried over to American statutes, established the assumption that no one under the age of seven had the mental capability to commit crimes. Therefore they had no concept of mens rea, which is a Latin word meaning intent. In English common law intent had to be p roven in cases concerning offenders of ages seven to fourteen, which carried over to be an American standard. Only in cases of youth over the age of fourteen was it possible to acknowledge they had the mental capacity to perform a crime with intent. Because these juveniles crimes were so harsh, the youths case would be transferred to criminal courts and, in turn, makes it possible to sentence violent, juvenile offenders with the death penalty. The idea of whether or not the death penalty should be applied to juveniles is only possible through the transfer of juveniles out of the juvenile courts and into an adult criminal court. Only then can a guilty, violent youth be punished to the full extent for the capital crimes they have committed. Due to inconsistencies in the laws, the death penalty is not a deterrent from keeping youth from committing crimes or fearing any serious punishments. The goal of having stricter penalties will hopefully also decrease the numbers of future generations who commit crimes. I feel that age is not a determining factor in deciding whether or not a youth should be punished for their actions. It should be based on

Free Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Free Writing - Essay Example Hence, prompting the photographer end up interested in taking the image, which is also the case it has remained to date in libraries to show utter human desperation. I think the 32 year old mother in this case is pondering the next move in her quest to find how she will feed her family of 7 children, which was not an easy given the then deplorable conditions she was then. The most interesting thing in this image is how the joyful dancers seem to try the then style while singing along the song. Style in this case refers to both dressing and dancing, which stand out in this image as evident event in the background men’s pants being of the same fashion. The image gives a bit of realities of the American African juke point where people used to enjoy themselves and forget the then period’s bigotry. Therefore, I think the image though taken many years ago to date acts as a reminder of how the then people’s social life used to be. This is despite in the current political arena many terming the period being characterized by

Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Health Promotion - Essay Example al., 2009). The primary aim of this part of the essay is to explore the influence of the key socioeconomic factors on health with a critical assessment of relevance government sources in reporting on inequalities in health. Moreover, the essay also includes a critical understanding about major barriers in terms of accessing healthcare services by the people in a particular community or state. According to the unconventional global environment, socioeconomic factors have major impact on health. The major socioeconomic factors that have significant impact on health include income and social status; physical environment; health services; education and social support networks (World Health Organisation, 2014). The influence of each socioeconomic factor has been described in the following sections. Income as well as social status of individuals can be duly accepted as one of the major set of socioeconomic factors that have a major influence on the health condition of the individuals. According to the observation of various studies, it has been perceived that the higher income level and social status of the individuals are significantly linked with a better health and wellness. Significant indifferences between the richest and poorest reflect a dissimilar health condition of the individuals (World Health Organisation, 2014). Physical environment around the communities also has a major impact on the health of individuals. In this regard, adequate cleanliness and safety in the communities, workplaces or households significantly determine better health condition. Clean air, safe water and hygienic environment often help community members to reduce possible health issues and promote wellness of each individual (World Health Organisation, 2014) Adequate accessibility and effective use of health services that help to prevent diseases is also a major determinant of a health community.

Business Determinants of Bank Profitability Dissertation

Business Determinants of Bank Profitability - Dissertation Example From this report it is clear that that the determinants of banking profitability are into categories which are internal and external. Internal determinants include the management of expenses, liquidity and capital reserves while external ones are size of the firm, economic environment and ownership basis. Proper management of expenses was identified as the most important factor enhancing high profitability in banks. Conversely, high interest rates occasioned by ownership strategies were identified as the main factor to low profitability. The research is valid since misappropriation in handling expenses will definitely lead to more expenditure and less profits in any sector. Similarly, imposing customers to high interest rates on loans is also a factor that makes customers lose faith with the bank.This research highlights that  Molyneux and Thornton elucidated on these variables as well as revealing that liquidity affects profitability negatively. This research explains that industr y-specific variables are the factors that affect a bank within the banking industry such competition arising from homogeneity of goods and services. Whereas macro-economic variables simply entail the environment of the economy that banks operate. In terms of liquidity, a bank can be affected if it does not have proper appropriation of funds and hence using it in unproductive ventures such as imposing exorbitant loan interest rates, hence creating losses to the bank.

Narrative Feeling Essay Example for Free

Narrative Feeling Essay 1. Identify three quotes from the dialogue that show how Bryce progressed in ethically identifying his emotions. The first quote from the dialogue shows how Bryce progressed in ethically identifying his emotions is â€Å"After a year of applying, interviewing, jumping through all the hoops, I finally realized nothing I did mattered. I just couldn’t take another rejection. The bottom line is, no one wants me.† The second quote that shows how Bryce progressed in ethically identifying his emotions is â€Å"I don’t know. I think they might leave me. We’ve run through our savings. We’re behind on the mortgage. I’m going to lose everything. I feel bad, but I can’t do anything about it.† The third quote that shows how Bryce progressed in ethically identifying his emotions is â€Å"Really? What did you do? I mean, I know you moved away.† See more: how to start a narrative essay 2. Identify and explain, using concepts from the text, at least one example of an obstacle to communicating emotions in the situation.  One example of an obstacle to communicating emotions in the situation is self-protection. Bryce stated that he hasn’t want to talk to anyone in a while which can be an indication that he may not want to express his feelings, in fear of others having information that could affect how they perceive or act towards him. (Wood, 178) 3. Identify and explain at least two examples of irrational beliefs that Bryce holds. Two examples of irrational beliefs that Bryce holds from the dialogue would be when he states â€Å"The bottom line is, no one wants me.† And â€Å"I feel bad, but I can’t do anything about it.† I feel that these beliefs are irrational because they are not true, though Bryce believes they are. He feels that no one wants him, but the case may be that someone else may have been a better fit for the position instead of him. This does not mean that he was not just as qualified as the next applicant. Bryce stated that he stopped looking for jobs about 6 months ago, but if he would have remained dedicated, he may have run into a job by then. He stated that he can’t do anything about this but truthfully, he could have still continued to search for jobs instead of sitting back and doing nothing. 4. Explain, using concepts from the text, how Bryce could use surface acting and deep acting to better align his emotions and behavior with the needs of his job search. Even though Bryce feels that finding employment is hopeless, his body language and facial  expressions will definitely show that. Bryce needs to learn how to effectively control his outward appearance because it will benefit his job search. A positive attitude always helps gain desired results. Showing an outward appearance of drive and determination to gain employment will be more beneficial than his defeated attitude. Bryce could also align his emotions and behavior with the needs of his job search by controlling his feelings of hopelessness and defeat. He should learn that by possessing these feelings, he is already lessening his chances to produce the desired results that he is looking for. 5. Based on the textbook’s guidelines for communicating emotions effectively (p.182– 187), identify and explain at least three ethical strategies Bryce could use to improve his interpersonal communication in this situation. One strategy that Bryce could use to improve his interpersonal communication in this situation is identifying his emotions. The text states that â€Å"recognizing the existence of both feelings allows you to tune in to yourself and to communicate accurately to others what you are experiencing.† (Wood, 182) Bryce needs to separate his feelings of hopelessness and the fact that he feels that no one wants him. Another strategy that he can use is choosing whether or how to express emotions. Bryce seems to be very erratic when it comes to his feelings toward finding a job. Once he can actually determine where his frustration lies and not let it consume and discourage him, he can then decide to or not to communicate his emotions in order to keep them private. Lastly, he can also use the strategy of monitoring self-talk. This would be very helpful to Bryce because he can talk himself into having a more positive outlook regarding his job search, He won’t feel so low when he is turned down for a job opportunity because he will have coached himself to keep searching and continue his drive. Wood, J. (2012). Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. Boston, MA: Wadsworth.

Central Michigan University Leadership Competency Model Education Essay

Central Michigan University Leadership Competency Model Education Essay Leadership qualities, whether natural or nurtured, are distinctive edges that differentiate individual. Every individual possesses certain leadership potential but vary in the degree of actualization. Thus, to be a good leader, the development of leadership should be a continuous process that has to be constantly measured, reviewed and worked at to ensure that the priority of action is beneficial in the long term. In this report, I will measure my leadership potential and develop a leadership development plan by evaluating my current traits in comparison to the leadership development model chosen, and seek feedback from a personal mentor. With greater self-awareness and wider perspective, I will outline phase of action needed to attain greater opportunities and future career growth. Central Michigan University Leadership Competency Model After reviewing the three leadership development models, I have chosen Central Michigan University (CMU) Leadership Competency Model. The five dimensions of leadership competencies Self Management, Leading Others, Task Management, Innovation and Social Responsibility which I find particularly useful as it essentially focuses on the general concept of core competences like psychological attributes, attitudes and management skills which I relate to best in term of for work, interpersonal relationship and personal attainment. Also, it disregard the type of job industry unlike National Health Service Leadership Framework that is oriented towards improving healthcare services. I believe that CMU model will further develop my insight on my leadership potential, as well as enhancing my interrelationship with others in work or personal situations by understanding the dynamics of human behaviour. My plan will be prioritised on the certain core competencies from the CMU model that I find myse lf lacking or critical for my development. Current Assessment of Strengths and Weaknesses Before working on the development plan, I had to conduct an evaluation on my current strengths and weaknesses as a leader in relate to the CMU model. In order to assist the evaluation process, I have explored assessment tools like Jung, Mbti and Keirsey personality type indicator. However, I find the assessment to be generally generic and partly inaccurate. So instead I approached two of my close social contacts to give an opinion from their perspectives. From the discussion, I found most of the comments to be more accurate with my own self-assessment. One of my strength is the ability to remain goal orientated where it has allowed me to work through tough phases to reach my objective, though sometimes it leads to disappointment when I did not meet my expectation. Also, I have learnt to be self-reliance where I can work well without the need of constant guidance. Being independent has nurtured my other abilities like problem solving and decision making skills. However, being independent may seem like a personal strength, but it can be a weakness as a leader. As being used to work independently in situations, I find myself lacking in communication with others when working in a team. It becomes a natural tendency for me to work alone in my own comfort zone, so sometimes there might be difficulty for me to express my idea and vision. Also, I lack in the aspect of self-confidence in even though I did my research or put in the effort in my work. Communication and self-confidence are the two most important aspects that I find the need to work on most in my plan to establish a firm foundation as a potential leader. As I believe that with improvement on the two aspects, it would boost other self-management and leadership skills as well. Leadership theories In the various leadership theories, there are two concepts that I am able to relate to in my leadership development plan. Firstly, it is the skill approach where I believe that leadership qualities can be nurtured to develop a good leader. Also, I feel that the servant leadership theory is essential as it revolve around the interest of a community and ethical dimension. Unlike the traits theory, skill approach depends on ones capabilities to develop leadership qualities. Northouse (2009) believes that anyone can become a leader if effort were put in to nurture the skills in important aspects. As stated in Katzs three-skill approach, she mentioned that technical, human and conceptual skills can be developed. The approach considers one as an effective leader when the three of leadership skills are acquired and used to accomplish a goal. According to Katzs management skill diagram, technical, human and conceptual skills are required at different level depending on the management level. However, human skill is maintained to be important at all levels. Human skill is referred as the ability to work with people where leadership is focused on building relationship, motivating others and working together as a team. Where I feel is important as a potential leader, thus it is the focus of my leadership development plan. In my opinion, leadership is far from just the interest of an individual but the well-being of others as well. According to Pedersen (2011), Norman Vincent Peale mentioned that the man who lives for himself is a failure; the man who lives for others has achieved true success. Being an independent person, I find that the servant leadership theory would assist in my plan to understand the importance of the growth as a leader along with the growth of others through communicating, listening and building interrelationship. The idea of servant leadership that was developed by Greenleaf has greatly influenced and supported todays successful leaders. A successful leader is someone who places other people like peers or customers as the top priority. Unlike the traditional leadership paradigm, leadership is formed in a hierarchy structure where leaders manage by authority and fear. The modern servant leadership theory is based on five important aspects: trust, respect, mutual understanding, sh ared experience and common goal (Maxwell, 2003). Cohen (2000) feels that leadership is not about the position level. Servant leadership theory is not influenced by the power or authority, but the willingness to help; the commitment to build the growth of a community as a whole. In the servant leadership theory, a good leader is a student as well, where there are constant learning along with their peers through feedback and empowerment. In relation to my leadership framework, I would like to improve on my interrelationship skills with others. I see myself as easy going and agreeable, however with a barrier of being introvert. So my key aspects to foster leadership relationship are based on building higher level of confidence and self-esteem, and to trust and communicate. For a change, the servant leadership theory made me realize that I might find greater success as a leader if I were to able to break the barrier of interaction and commit to excel with others. Leadership Development Plan My aim for the future is to be an entrepreneur in the service industry, providing a complete set of services for pets which include facilities like day care, grooming, training and veterinary clinic. In order to work towards my aim, I have to improve on my leadership qualities in the process. My goal-orientated personality has allowed me to focus on my aim. I have been constantly doing research and acquiring experience in the field like working in pet day care centre, pet grooming centre, veterinary hospital and clinic. Through the experience, I realise that nature of the job requires interaction with people from different countries. For example, many good groomers and veterinary nurses come from other countries like Taiwan or Philippines. Hence, I find it important to improve on my people skills in the process of working towards my goal. I have set a list of priorities to work on the development of my leadership capabilities within the next 2 years. Firstly I will focus on my communication skill, as a potential leader I feel that it is important to be able to interact well with people and the ability to express my views and thoughts. Hence, in the timeframe, I want to step out of my comfort zone and improve on my interpersonal skill. Secondly, I need to work on my self-confidence. I feel that it is one of the most vital attributes for a leader to project a positive vibe by feeling confident in what they do. Therefore, in the process of working towards my goal, I need to work on my insecurities and start believing in myself. In order to build on my self-confidence, I feel that I should work on some personal qualities like being more initiative and optimistic as well. Feedback For the purpose of the leadership development plan, I decided to seek feedback from my supervisor in my workplace as I feel that she is a good role model as a leader. From her perspective, she agreed on my self-assessment of my strengths and weaknesses as the focus to improve on. She feels that my weaknesses of lacking in communication and self-confidence are barriers in the industry I wanted to work in. She advised that I should focus on my self-confidence level first as she believes that with higher level of self-confidence it will boost my communication skills as well. Also, she feels that I should always be self-aware of my progress. She recommended that I should discuss about my progression with my close friends regularly so as to determine if my leadership development plan is effective. From her feedback, I feel that I should focus more on building up my self-confidence first. I will also incorporate her advice to gain more self-awareness in the process to ensure that there is improvement in my leadership qualities. Development Activities In order to work on the priorities I have set on to develop my leadership skill, I have listed out some activities that will assist in my progression. Firstly, in the development of my self-confidence, I should begin with simple action like thinking for positive about myself even in negative situation. I should work hard on being more optimistic by creating daily affirmation. I will speak up more and be more assured about my ideas, and if I do well I will reward myself, but if I dont, I should just accept it and not dwell on it. With progression in my self-confidence, I believe that my communication skill will improve as well. I should not be fearful of making mistakes or expressing myself. I will work on this aspect starting from my peers, I will make an effort to contribute and express my idea in group discussion and participate more. Meanwhile I should continue to Describe how you will evaluate whether or not you have reached the level of development set out in your plan 5 Plan Evaluation Cohen, W. A. (2000). The New Art of the Leader: Leading with Integrity and Honor. Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall. http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=2F0qz6HlPR4Cpg=PA19dq=The+man+who+lives+for+himself+is+a+failure;+the+man+who+lives+for+others+has+achieved+true+successhl=ensa=Xei=pZFAUZLKA8zRrQer44C4Agved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=The%20man%20who%20lives%20for%20himself%20is%20a%20failure%3B%20the%20man%20who%20lives%20for%20others%20has%20achieved%20true%20successf=false Maxwell, J. C. (2003b). Relationships 101: What Every Leader Needs to Know. Nashville: Thomas Nelson. Leadership, Theory and Practice  by Peter G. Northouse. Chapter 3, Skills Approach.   Sage Publications, ISBN 0-7619-2566-X http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/45968_Chapter_3.pdf Skills of an Effective Administrator, by R. L. Katz, 1955, Harvard Business Review, 33(1), pp. 33-42.

Achilles :: essays research papers

In the modern world, people, as a society, have always given themselves a goal or goals that they would like to attain at some point during their lifetime. Many people seek to attain riches, love, happiness or high stature within society. When we people set that goal, we tend to mold our lifestyles around it. As people work throughout their lives to achieve this ultimate goal, it becomes apparent to others what it is we are working so hard for. Just as this pattern is evident in modern society, it can also be seen in the times of Homer, particularly in the great Greek epic, the Iliad. This distinct pattern can be seen in Achilles, one of the most vital characters in the story. Achilles, being the ultimate most powerful warrior of all time, wishes for nothing in his life but to be the most glorious man alive, mortal or immortal. It is this profound desire for glory and honor, that in the end leads to his demise. Achilles speech, given while he is distraught over the death of his close st friend Patroklos, is an excellent example of Achilles’ desire (Iliad, 18.79). Patroklos is slayed by Hektor, the Trojans greatest warrior and Achilles’ main rival. Hektor, takes the armor (given to him by Achilles’) off of his dead body, and puts it on himself. Hektor is described as “riding around in all its glory';. After word of Patroklos’ death, the Achaians are intensely dejected. To show just how disheartened the Greeks are, Homer describes the men as lamenting. “(Then sighing heavily)… my dear companion has perished, Patroklos, whom I loved beyond all other companions, as well as my own life…Thetis spoke to him, letting tears fall'; (377, Iliad, 18.78). It can be sensed that, although in deep mourning for his lost friend, Achilles is just as well upset because he sensed a slight degree of failure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  “Now, since I am not going back to the beloved land of my fathers, since I was no light of safety to Patroklos, nor to my other companions…';(378, Iliad, 18.101). This failure in the sense that, Achilles being the greatest warrior in all the land able to kill hordes of men at will, was incapable of saving the person that mattered the most to him. This insecurity is the source of Achilles “duty'; to exact revenge upon Hektor, the assassin of Patroklos. Achilles makes the decision to kill Hektor in spite of the fact that his fate will be to die.

Islamic Unit Study Guide Essay

In Arabic, the word â€Å"Islam† means submission or surrender, it is derived from the root word â€Å"salam† in which you can also derive the root words peace and safety. 2. What is Zamzam? The name of the holy well located in Mecca believed to be revealed when Abraham’s infant son Ishmael kicked the ground desperate for water. Millions of Muslims today drink from the well while performing their pilgrimage to Mecca 3. What is the Ka’bah? One of the most sacred sites in Islam, it is a large marble structure located in the middle of al Masjid al Haram (Sacred Mosque). It’s said to be built by Abraham and his son Ishmael to dedicate to Allah, and also houses the sacred Black Stone. No matter where you are, Muslims supposed to be facing the direction of Kaaba when in prayer. 4. Fully describe the role Abraham played in Islam. Ibrahim is considered to be the father of both Arabs and of Jews according to Muslims. It’s also believed that he is neither a Jew nor a Muslim, but somebody who is a hernif – somebody who essentially and intrinsically knows that there is really only one God. Much of what Islamic tradition is about, along with rituals such as the Hajj – stem from the pre-Islamic era and are translated into Islamic rituals through Ibrahim. The Kaaba was built because God spoke to Ibrahim about constructing a sacred house for God. 5. When was Muhammad born? 570 AD, Mecca 6. What did Muhammad dislike about his birthplace, Mecca? It was filled with idol worship and when he was assigned by God to call people to Islam per God revelation of Quran to him, the disbelievers disliked his views against discrimination. The people of Mecca were steeped in their ways and opposed Muhammad and his small group of followers in every way. 7. Describe the â€Å"Night of Power† and how Muhammad became the Messenger of God. The Lailat ul-Qadr or â€Å"Night of Power† is the night in which the Holy Quran is revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. At the age of 40, while engaged in a meditative retreat, Muhammad received his first revelation from God through the Archangel Gabriel. Muhammad began to recite the words he heard from Gabriel and to preach the truth which God had revealed to him. . What is the â€Å"Night Journey? † Be sure to include in your answer a discussion of Isra and Miraj. The Night Journey starts out with the Isra, where Gabriel presents to Muhammad the heavenly winged steed called the Buraq. With the Buraq, he then journeys to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem where he met and prayed with Prophets Moses, Abraham, Jesus, and John. Gabriel then gives Muhammad the decision to dri nk the wine or milk, Muhammad chooses the milk which fulfills the prophecy. After this, is the Miraj, where Muhammad is ascended into heaven and passes the seven heavenly realms, where he meets God. 9. What is the significance of Medina? It’s considered the first Islamic Republic and is the location of the first Mosque built 10. Describe in detail the Five Pillars of Islam:  · Shahada : It is the declaration of belief in the oneness of God and acceptance of Muhammad as God’s prophet.  · Salat : The practice of formal worship to Allah  · Zawat :  · Sawm : Arabic word for fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. In the terminology of Islamic law, the observance of sawm during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.  · Hajj : the pilgrimage to Mecca that every Muslim is required to make at least once in his life, provided he has enough money and the health to do so 11. Briefly describe the conflict between the Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims. The schism occurred when the Islamic prophet Muhammad died in the year 632, leading to a dispute over succession to Muhammad as a caliph of the Islamic community spread across various parts of the world which led to the Battle of Siffin. Sectarian violence persists to this day from Pakistan to Yemen and is a major element of friction throughout the Middle East. 12. What does â€Å"caliph† mean? The chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. 13. What is an â€Å"Imam? † The title of a Muslim leader or chief 14. Describe in detail the holy writings of Islam:  · Qur’an : the sacred text of Islam, divided into 114 chapters, or suras: revered as the word of God, dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel, and accepted as the foundation of Islamic law, religion, culture, and politics. Hadith : Hadith is the collection of the Prophet Muhammad’s statements and actions coupled with the statements and actions of his companions believed to have been collected 150 years after Muhammad’s death, and it is the basis of jurisprudence for Islamic or Sharia law. Muslims classify hadith in four different categories. The first three categories refer specifically to Muhammad. Awl are the transmissions of Muhammad’s statements, fi’liare the transmission of Muhammad’s deeds or actions, and taqrir are the actions or deeds of the Prophet’s companions or others that Muhammad has approved of. The fourth category of classification is qudsi, which are the Prophet’s words, inspired by Allah, that are not recorded in the Qur’an.  · Sharia : the moral code and religious law of Islam. Sharia deals with many topics addressed by secular law, including crime, politics, and economics, as well as personal matters such as sexual intercourse, hygiene, diet, prayer, and fasting. Though interpretations of sharia vary between cultures, in its strictest definition it is considered the infallible law of God—as opposed to the human interpretation of the laws 15. Describe in detail the Aqida. Be sure to include the six articles of the faith. 16. Explain the concept of Jihad. Be sure to include the meaning of the word â€Å"Jihad,† and the distinction between â€Å"Lesser Jihad† and â€Å"Greater Jihad. † 17. What is the meaning of the Star and Crescent Moon, the symbol of Islam? The crescent moon and star symbol pre-dates Islam by several thousand years when polytheism was the majority in the Middle East. The crescent and star are often said to be Islamic symbols, but historians say that they were the insignia of the Ottoman Empire, not of Islam as a whole. 8. What is the Aqiqa? Islamic practice of shaving the head of the newborn male and contributing the weight in silver for charity as well as 2 lambs. One lamb is slaughtered for a baby girl. 19. Briefly define the following groups:  · Nation of Islam : an organization composed chiefly of American blacks, advocating the teachings of Islam and originally favoring the se paration of races: members are known as Black Muslims.  · Wahabi : a follower of ? Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792), who stringently opposed all practices not sanctioned by the Koran. The Wahhabis, founded in the 18th century, are the most conservative Muslim group and are today found mainly in Saudi Arabia.   The Twelvers : the largest branch of Shi’ite Islam. Adherents of Twelver Shi’ism are commonly referred to as Twelvers, which is derived from their belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve Imams, and their belief that the Mahdi will be none other than the returned Twelfth Imam who disappeared and is believed by Twelvers to be in occultation. 20. Define the following terms:  · Arabia Peninsula of southwest Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Politically, it includes Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait. Arabia has an estimated one third of the world’s oil reserves.  · Allah Islamic word for God  · Ishmael Son of Abraham  · Muslim A believer and follower of the teachings by the Prophet Muhammad  · Mecca City is Saudi Arabia, the religious centre for one of the five pillars of pilgrimage (hajj)  · Abu Bakr One of the close companions of Prophet Muhammad and the first caliph  · Khailifahs Muslim religion leaders or chiefs Mosque Muslim house of worship  · Ramadan The ninth month of the year in the Islamic calendar, a time of fasting.  · Hajj The religious pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the five pillars of Islam  · Sufism Islamic mysticism  · Ali Cousin and son in law of Prophet Muhammad, a caliph  ·  · Hidden Imam Twelver Shii doctrine holds that the twelfth imam did not die but went into a spiritual form of existence known as occultation, and will retur n at the end of time as a messianic Mahdi to restore justice and equity on earth. The sacred dress of Muslim pilgrims, consisting of two lengths of white cotton, one wrapped around the loins, the other thrown over the left shoulder.  · Kafir Infidel or pagan  · Id Al-Fitr A festival that ends the fast of Ramadan  · Id Al-Adha Commemorates Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son Ishmael  · Sunnah The way of life prescribed by the normative of Islam  · Tawhid Asserting and maintaining the divine unity, Islam’s central doctrine.  · Ummah Means â€Å"the people† in Arabic, it refers to collective community of Islam peoples

Superpower Has No Moral Duty to Intervene in Foreign Tyrannies

Lord Acton said â€Å"Power corrupts absolutely & absolute power corrupts absolutely. † And it is no wonder that super power corrupts superbly. Honourable panel of the jury, respected teachers & all my dear friends, and of course not to forget my worthy but disillusioned opponents, a very warm good afternoon to one & all. Nowadays the burning topic is whether superpower can involve in foreign affairs. Today I master Bright James George would like to speak against the motion ‘Superpower has a moral duty to intervene in foreign tyrannies. In this contemporary world, superpower has a habit which they call as a ‘moral intervention’. But I refer this as ‘poking their nose in other’s matter’. Since when the superpowers rose into this world, they found this intervention advantageous for them on the other hand harmful for others. I hope my opponents know that every members of United Nations has to abide to its policy. In December 1965, UN General Assembly had declared a policy stating that ‘no country has to intervene in whatsoever affairs of other countries. My opponents cannot turn a blind eye to these events: US-Vietnam war, Russia Chechnya Conflict. Is this what my opponents call these superpowers’ moral duty by violating the UN policies? You got to think twice, my friends. I fail to understand why my opponents believe in the so called moral duty of superpower intervention. Do superpowers know other country’s background, culture, tradition etc.? They know only a little and remember little knowledge is always dangerous. With a little knowledge how can they intervene in foreign tyrannies? It doesn’t sound good too either. When a country allows superpower to intervene in their tyrannies, it shows the incapability of the government to control that country. Moreover all the success of that country becomes the glory of the superpower. What a shame then! A country must stand on its own foot. It can only seek help in a very critical situation. My opponents should not forget that in this politically cut-throat competitive world, one never intervenes unless & until if he or she gets a profit out of it. Superpowers do the same. They only intervene in matters for amassing wealth & especially to quench the thirst of black water, that is, petroleum. It is no doubt that the motive of the Iraq war was to protect US economic interests- American access to gulf oil. Countries like the U. S. have misused its position as superpower says the global political scholar Francis Fukuyama claims â€Å"Twenty years since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the accepted end of the Cold War, the United States has misused its position as a superpower. † When President Bush sent US troops to Somalia in 1992, he cited a humanitarian reason: to feed the starving Somali Population. But paradoxically civil Order has broken down, and starvation was usedas a weapon against innocent people. The American troops were engaged in a manhunt for warlord Aideed. This led to ferocious fire fight on October 3, 1993 the search was in futile. Nothing substantial was accomplished. Only misery & sorrow. Percy Bysshe Shelly in his Queen Mab says, â€Å"Power, like a desolating pestilence, Pollutes whate’er it touches; and obedience, Bane of all genius, virtue, freedom, truth, Makes slaves of men, and of the human frame A mechanized automaton. † According to me, â€Å"Superpower, like a destructing nuisance, Pollutes whate’er it intervenes. † For instance, the former Yugoslavia, the Serbs, Bosnians etc. fought for nationalism. But as the superpowers like Russia intervened for altruistic reasons, things became worse. The final result was the disintegration of Yugoslavia. U. S & China doesn’t give India permanent membership in UN General Assembly. France accepted, UK accepted. Why not the Americans & the Chinese? Just a mere fear of India becoming superpower and superpower becoming soft power. Afraid of India becoming superpower, the present superpower USA provides arms & ammunitions to Pakistan, so as to suppress India. However my obstinate opponents are still under the illusion of superpower intervention. Why superpower wants to involve in others matter, when they have problems like poverty, economic recession etc. in their country itself? To conclude, I would like to say â€Å"superpowers should not mess around with some other countries till theirs is in order. † Finally those who believe that ‘Superpower has a moral duty to intervene in foreign tyrannies’ I believe they live in the fool’s paradise. Thank you