English - reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English - reflection - Essay Example An innovation that makes its place in the lives of people doesn't get evaded out except if it is demonstrated to have profoundly perilous impacts. Hence, David Suzuki denounces the utilization of innovation without being secure with its wellbeing and conceivable reactions. He gave the case of the utilization of DDT that is utilized to destroy mosquitoes from the earth. Its use has caused such an assorted scope of impacts that would never have been anticipated by the researchers, for instance its fixation in various living things when moved up in the natural pecking order (biomagnifications), its collection in shell organs of the winged creatures that causes the diminishing of the egg shell, influences of oral contraceptives on ladies and so on. He denounced the most recent advancements by expressing, â€Å"technological developments have had impeding reactions that in the long run exceeded their benefits† (347). In his article, he proposed an impractical recommendation of sele cting certain number of individuals from the general public as delegates who can survey the advantages and cost of any innovation before its regular use and choose if it is dangerous or not. The expense and advantage investigation ought to be done in a fair way with the point of making a decision about its consequences for every single living thing.

Discuss the claim that, despite repeated reform, the Common Essay

Talk about the case that, regardless of rehashed change, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) despite everything holds its protectionist nature - Essay Example These guidelines spread country improvement, level issues like money related help and controls, direct installments for ranchers among others. Most pundits see the Common Agricultural Policy as a type of protectionism intended to guard European makers from economical items delivered outside the European Union. This paper will talk about the case that regardless of rehashed change, the Common Agricultural Policy holds its protectionist nature. Throughout the years, the European Union has been a model in provincial coordination and exchange advancement trough out the world. This is prove by its transition to slice many exchange obstructions through respective exchange understandings, offering awards to poor nations, not overlooking that its creation has improved exchange among the part states in a huge manner. In particular, it very well may be noticed that the European Union is one of the exchanging alliances with most reduced duties on imports from non-part states. Despite the fact that this case is consistent with some degree, the European Union secures Agriculture, which is one of its part states’ key industry areas through the Common Agricultural Policy. The Common Agricultural Policy orders exchange hindrances on rural produce from outside the European Union and simultaneously financing the household makers among its part states. Endowments and misleadingly more significant expenses once in a while lead to overproduction, subsequently food surpluses in the European markets. The European Union thus offers the overabundance supplies to the world market through financed trades, guaranteeing that residential ranchers appreciate higher pay and employer stability. These financed send out items are sold underneath the market costs, contending unreasonably with items from creating economies. A portion of the surpluses are put away to make the food mountains which are regularly demolished when they can't be sold. Shoppers then again are constrained to address falsely greater expenses for the food

The Truth About Borderline Personality Disorder

The Truth About Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Diagnosis Print The Truth About Borderline Personality Disorder By Leonard Holmes Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 30, 2019 Leon Harris/Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Most of us have heard of borderline  personality disorder  (BPD) and much of what we hear seems to be negative. Patients with this disorder have gotten a bad reputation, thanks - in part - to the movie Fatal Attraction. BPD tends to be poorly misunderstood as it is, so to say that the main female character in Fatal Attraction represents a typical BPD sufferer is unfair and unrealistic.   Criteria for the Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder   A diagnosis of borderline personality disorder is made by a mental health professional using the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) criteria established by the American Psychiatric Association. In order to be diagnosed with BPD, you must meet five or more of these nine symptoms: Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, whether real or imagined and experiencing extreme emotions when any abandonment is perceived.  Having had unstable and intense interpersonal relationships that involved both extremes of idealizing the relationship (Hes perfect for me!) and not valuing the relationship (I cant stand him!).Not having a stable self-image or identity.Engaging in impulsive and risk-taking behavior such as spending money, having unsafe sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating, and the like.Repeated suicidal behavior or threats or self-mutilation.Having extreme and intense moods, such as irritability, anxiety, or depression that last from a few hours to a few days.Continual feelings of being empty.Having anger issues, including intense anger that is inappropriate for the situation, inability to control temper, being angry all the time and/or engaging in physical fights.Feeling disconnected from your mind or body and having paranoid thoughts when youre under stress, leading to potential psychotic episodes. Who Develops Borderline Personality Disorder? Recent research has shown that many people diagnosed with BPD are trauma survivors. Genetics may also play an important role in developing BPD. Studies show that if you have a parent, sibling,  or child with BPD, your chances of developing it yourself are five times greater. There also appears to be neurological impairment in people with BPD, meaning that certain areas of the brain do not communicate well with other areas. Borderline personality disorder usually starts in adolescence or young adulthood. An estimated 1.6 percent of adults deal with BPD  though that number could be significantly higher. Females are typically the population that is diagnosed, but studies have shown that males have tended to be misdiagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression instead of BPD. Treatment There are several psychotherapy approaches that have been proven to be helpful in borderline personality disorder. One of these, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), is an approach that combines techniques from several approaches  and takes advantage of a combination of group and individual therapy. Though the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved the use of any medications to treat BPD, some physicians prescribe them to BPD patients to help reduce certain symptoms like depression or anxiety.   Find Help From the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Living With Borderline Personality Disorder Being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder means you have taken your first step to getting your symptoms under control. Your physician will work with you to develop a personalized treatment plan that maximizes your quality of life while reducing your symptoms as much as possible. This can take time and multiple adjustments, so be patient and keep communication open with your doctor about how you are doing. Surround yourself with supportive people and learn everything you can about BPD so you can take steps to increase your mental well-being.

Cartoon Violence, Has it gone too Far Essay - 852 Words

Cartoon Violence, Has it gone too Far Aggression. Killing. Revenge. Sound like the latest Scream movie or Keanu Reeves thriller? You may be surprised to hear that this describes the average Saturday morning cartoon. One of the most surprising facts is that the level of violence during Saturday morning cartoons is higher than the level of violence during prime time. There are 3 to 5 violent acts per hour in prime time, versus 20 to 25 acts per hour on Saturday morning (Gerbner,1). Violence on television in general is damaging to society. But the specific targeting of the younger population through the use of cartoons to show violence is destructive and in no way helping to profit the upcoming generation. Violence in cartoons is†¦show more content†¦This question has been pondered for years now, but little is being done to help correct the frequency of violence in the media. Secondly, violence in cartoons has come to a point where it is affecting the way children live their lives; they are becoming more hostile. Any person watching a single violent television program can become more aggressive; in children, this phenomenon is also applicable. In reality, children are more affected by television than the average adult. Children who watch violent television programming, especially programming in which the violence or aggression is realistic, frequent and/or unpunished tend to become more violent and aggressive, immediately after the program and/or much later, sometimes even years later (Parenthood Web). When children watch Might Morphin Power Rangers, a program that is mostly occupied with solving their problems with their fists rather than your words, they don’t see the consequences. In fact the characters in these shows, like the Power Rangers, are often praised and not punished for being violent. Through a child’s eyes violent behavior is an acceptable solution, and they are often don’t learn more acceptable techniques of problem solving in shows like these. In fact, according to recent research, childrens programs are the least likely of all genres [of television shows] to show the long-term negative consequences of violence (LiebertShow MoreRelatedThe Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions Movement1058 Words   |  5 Pagesanti-Semitic group that has been misrepresenting Israel and the Jewish religion to religious groups, colleges, and the media for a long time. They receive their information from the Arab governments who are highly anti-Semitic and have extreme prejudice of the people of Israel. Abusing their own people, the Arab governments make it seem that it is always Israel who preys on innocent people when in fact it is the opposite. The BDS movement specifically promotes discrimination and violence towards the JewishRead MoreEssay on Television and Its Effects on Society Over the Past Decades2487 Words   |  10 PagesTelevision and Its Effects on Society Over the Past Decades Since its first appearance in the 1950’s, television has revealed itself to be one of the world’s most influential mediums. Its entrance into the media scene has tossed other mediums, such as the radio and print media, aside. With at least one television per household in Canada and with the average Canadian watching about 22.6 hours of TV per week, families are absorbing a great deal of television content;Read MoreThe Television Show South Park1650 Words   |  7 Pages1997). Frameworks of knowledge are the producers’ beliefs and what they assume about the audience’s beliefs. Relations of production are the needs of the financial side of the industry. Technical infrastructure is the tools and skills the producer has available to them. Media texts are then decoded by the audience when they consume them (Jackson, 2016). The audience decodes one of several meanings from the media. Hall argues that there are three different positions for the meaning the audience takesRead MoreFeminicide, Gender Violence Against Women5270 Words   |  22 PagesLAS Disposables Ciudad Juà ¡rez March 13, 2015†© Femicide and Structural Violence against Women in By: Craig Serpa LAS DISPOSABLES PAGE 1 ! Introduction Much research has been produced attempting to describe and subvert femicide in Ciudad Juà ¡rez, but perhaps the most accurate description of the gendered violence can be found in an American political cartoon. A maquiladora, or Mexican border assembly/ processing plant, stands alone among rolling hills littered with gravestones inRead More Censorship: Simply Not Enough Essay2118 Words   |  9 PagesNot too long ago, an evening television program caught mine and my daughter’s attention. It was a cute family comedy verging close to her bedtime. I was relaxed as we spent some quality time together, and out of nowhere I felt as if I had been punched in the face when a curse word came out of the so-called 15 year old actor’s mouth. Playing it cool, I glanced down at my young daughter who did not even flinch. I thought to myself, when were those words allowed to be uttered on television? EvenRead MoreThe And Extreme Images Of The United Of Bel Air, Wild N Out And Fami ly Guy2208 Words   |  9 Pagesdominant in this area of entertainment. In modern day, the last selected show is by far the most popular. Family guy is a worldwide success cartoon filled with slander, stereotypes and offensive forms of comedy. The writers are not shy to target any viewers in the most offensive and embarrassing way possible . By far the most rebellious of the three shows, it takes freedom of speech to another level, which is almost too much to watch and listen to. Jokes on every race, age and gender are touched. FamilyRead More Effects of Television on Our Society Essays6952 Words   |  28 Pageswe should wish them to have when they are grown up?† Shall we indeed? It is an ongoing debate. Plato obviously recognized the power stories have to shape who and what we are, and although some may be reluctant to admit to how much influence TV has on their character and behaviors, the evidence is difficult to refute. First we must all acknowledge that what we, as members of a society, choose to watch on TV affects us, as we are not simply passive receivers of the messages we encounter onRead MoreViolance in Schools Causes Deviant Behavior3218 Words   |  13 PagesViolence among our youth has spread widely throughout the nation. This can be linked to several problems in our society, but mainly one. The constant barrage of television and media violence causes deviant behavior in children. When children are young they are very impressionable by the things around them. Often kids are influenced by what they see. If kids are watching shows or being introduced to violent acts they too will tend to act out this violence (Huesmann and Eron, 1986). The resultsRead More Luis Valdezs Los Vendidos Essay2024 Words   |  9 Pagesperspective and less from how they see themselves. In the case of the Mexicans, this concept holds true. From that, which has been studied thus far this semester, Mexicans/ Mex ican Americans are good examples of this concept. Their sorted past has resulted in a new kind of Mexican American and perhaps a new kind of Mexican. Certainly the Mexicans American’s experience in this country has brought about some changes from the first generation of Mexicans who were born in this country to those who are bornRead MoreEssay Self-Discovery in Oates Naked3597 Words   |  15 Pageswriters use violence to shock or provoke, Joyce Carol Oates is usually more subtle and inventive. Such is the case in Naked, the story of a forty-six year old woman whose placid outer identity is ripped away by a brutal assault while out hiking not far from her fashionable, University Heights neighborhood. Like many of Oates stories—and in this regard she probably owes something to Flannery OConnor—Naked focuses on a woman so entrenched in her rigid self-image that nothing short of violence could

Henry Ford And The American Civil War - 1194 Words

Henry Ford had only a modest education. He didn’t invent the gasoline engine; he didn’t invent the auto mobile; he didn’t really invent anything. Yet, when he died in 1947, Ford, and the company he founded had a profound effect on the world he taught to drive. Given all that he had accomplished, it’s hard to believe Henry Ford was almost 40 when he established the Ford Motor Company. At the time America was more agricultural than industrial. Horse-less carriages were toys for a wealthy few. But in just four decades, Henry Ford had in his own words, â€Å"invented the modern age†. Henry Ford was born while the American Civil War was still raging. July 30th, 1863, William and Mary Ford, owners of one of the more substantial homesteads in Dearborn, Michigan, had their first surviving child named Henry. Henry Ford didn’t like the hard life he had been born into of farming to survive. Luckily going to school offered an escape from the long hours of endless chores. He was a naturally curious child. Henry Ford was a natural born mechanic. One of the first places that he was able to express his innate ability was when he received a wrist watch for his 13th birthday. Like a lot of boys that wanted to learn about machines, he took the watch apart. But unlike most young boys, he was able to put the watch perfectly back together again. But in 1876, Henry Ford’s orderly world fell apart. His beloved mother, Mary, died during childbirth. Henry was 12 when this happened, and the loss left himShow MoreRelated72F. Mr. Fredrick. Advanced English 9 - 7. February 8 ,999 Words   |  4 Pageskill your whole family† (Logan). Another major topic seen during the lifetime of Huxley was the idolization of public figures. In the book, all of the characters referenced to a deity named â€Å"Ford†. This so called deity represents the famous business figure of the time Henry Ford. Not only was Henry Ford referenced to, but Huxley used allusions to portray Ford’s ideas that were influencing and amazing the people of the early 1900s (Davis). Processes such as the assembly line, mass-production,Read MoreAn Overview On An Evolving Era1623 Words   |  7 Pagesmost famous innovative engineers of all time, Henry Ford, once said, â€Å"You can t build a reputation on what you are going to do.† Between 1850 and 1914 the American people happened to be living by this. Everyone tried creating something to profit, not to satisfy American needs, but some Americans built a reputation doing the opposite of that. During the years between 1850 and 1914, Americans were experiencing a lot of transformati on. For example, Americans transformed from a mainly agricultural societyRead MoreHenry Ford s Life : The Bright And The Down Sizes1593 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this essay, I will discuss Henry Ford s life: the bright and the down sizes. Even if, he was one of the most successful entrepreneurs of all time, he received many critics: lot of people believed that Henry Ford was too controversial and this had truly affected Ford and his company. Henry Ford is, generally speaking, credited with devising and implementing the assembly-line method. By doing so, Mr. Ford made different things possible such as production, marketing, consumption and thisRead MoreThe Invention Of The Automobile1051 Words   |  5 Pagesinventions of the 1900’s was the Model T Ford or Tin Lizzie. The invention of the automobile has certainly left an indelible mark on the American Society. Consequently, the automobile has become the center of an extraordinary industry with the assembly lines and mass production techniques. These elements have essentially revolutionized the automobile industry. The Model T Ford made car travel affordable for the working class. In 1914 the average American worker made $11 per week. Previously, carsRead MoreHistory of Michigan 7th test Chap 18 19 Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment of brainwashing the American public about how the war was really going in Vietnam? A) John Engler B) William Milliken C) George W. Romney D) Gerald R. Ford 5.What innovative aircraft designer convinced Henry and Edsel Ford to become involved in commercial aviation? A) Orville Wright B) Donald Douglas C) Anthony Fokker D) William B. Stout E) Charles A. Lindbergh 6.What U.S. president came to Detroit specifically to participate in the celebration Henry Ford was planning to honor Thomas EdisonRead MoreEssay on The Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln1007 Words   |  5 Pages While Lincoln was serving in the 1860’s, a war broke out between the North and South, also known as the Civil War. This war started over control of nations, but later turned into an argument of slavery. President Lincoln was a strong believer in giving everyone the right to freedom. In a letter addressed to H.L. Pierce, President Lincoln stated, â€Å"Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves† (Letter). As a result of the Civil War, a preliminary proclamation draft was issued onRead MoreAnalysis Of Solomon Northup s The First Act Of Kindness 1471 Words   |  6 PagesThis is the first act of cruelness seen in the novel. The first act of kindness Solomon experiences as a slave is thanks to his first master, William Ford. Solomon recalls, â€Å"there never was a more kind, noble, candid, Christian man than William Ford† (p 53). Solomon is treated kindly by both William Ford’s wife and his slaves. On Sundays, Master Ford holds a church service for his slaves. In gratitude for Ford’s kindness, Solomon devises a way to transport lumber via waterway instead of land, savingRead MoreThe Wild West: an Analysis of Post-Civil War Tension in John Ford’s â€Å"My Darling Clementine†1546 Words   |  7 PagesDarling Clementine.† What is Ford trying to say about the relation to the civilized East to the unsettled West. (Clementine vs. Chihuahua is relevant here.) The Wild West: An Analysis of Post-Civil War Tension in John Ford’s â€Å"My Darling Clementine† Following the end of the United States’ Civil War, new territories had becomes states, notably what is now known as the West. The West, iconized by its Cowboys, gunfights, and horses in the years that followed the Civil War, made its way to the silverRead MoreDwight D. Eisenhower and Civil Rights Act Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesCold War United Nations Chiang Kai-Shek Mao Zedong â€Å"China Lobby† Containment Doctrine George Kennan Marshall Plan National Security Act of 1947 Central Intelligence Agency NATO Berlin Airlift Warsaw Pact NSC-68 Servicemen’s Readjustment Act – 1944 GI Bill Coal Strike – 1946 Fair Deal Labor Management Relations Act – 1947 Progressive Party Thomas Dewey Korean War Gen. Douglas Mac Arthur HUAC The Hollywood 10 Alger Hiss Whittaker Chambers Richard Nixon J. Edgar Hoover Read MoreThe Film 12 Years A Slave1177 Words   |  5 PagesWashington DC, the two men intoxicated Northup, and sold him to a Washington slave master. Northup was then shipped down to Louisiana where he was auctioned off as a slave. He was purchased by a plantation owner named William Ford, who was a kind master. The next year Ford was in debt and was forced to sell Northup to another plantation owner, John Tibeats. Tibeats was merciless and ruthless, and he despised Northup. On one occasion, Tibeats attempted to whip Northup for not following orders, but

Vacant Chapter 3 Involved Free Essays

â€Å"I can’t tell you how much I appreciate this, Ethan.† She’s wrapped tightly in one of my towels, and I feel a†¦ stirring. I wonder if she understands she’s half-naked in front of a stranger. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacant Chapter 3 Involved or any similar topic only for you Order Now I try not to be obvious in my perusal of her form; her body is small, but her tits are high, round, and a little large for her frame, though no complaints. I briefly wonder what her nipples look like, and lick my lips but catch myself before my ogling turns creepy. â€Å"It’s no problem,† I answer hastily, refusing to look further at her. I stop short before making my next statement. No matter how much I tell myself to mind my own business, I can’t seem to help dispensing advice. â€Å"You know, you can’t live without utilities, Emily.† I wonder where this girl comes from that she thinks living with no water or electricity isn’t a problem; my level of concern is now elevated a notch or two. â€Å"I know, but – † she stops herself. â€Å"Yeah, I know.† I have this feeling that there’s something off here, and I can’t ignore the fact she seems to be without essentials. â€Å"I typically shower in the morning, so if you want to come over at night and shower until you get the utilities turned on, that’s cool.† I turn away, wanting to give her privacy to dress because she needs to get dressed; I need her to get dressed. â€Å"So like, what do you do all day?† I can hear the snap of the elastic on her panties against her hip as she finishes putting them on. Shit, these duplex units are too small! Or is my hearing that good? I can’t help the thoughts that run through my head. Thinking about her body is a complication I do not need or want. However, chiding myself doesn’t stop me from picturing the slight curve of her hips, her shapely thighs, or perfectly muscled backside. â€Å"I go to work,† I snap, feeling guilty. Seconds later, her voice is right behind me. â€Å"Oh yeah? Where do you work?† Her tone is light and her remark impulsive. â€Å"I need to get a job.† I turn so we’re face to face and she can see my eyes. Sometimes, emotion seeps out through the eyes. I don’t want her to see any vulnerability in mine. Once you’re seen as weak, people are quick to take advantage. â€Å"I work down at the grocery store.† She smiles and looks down. She doesn’t want me to see her eyes. â€Å"That’s really close, so I could walk there. You think they’re hiring?† â€Å"Don’t know.† I have to keep it uncomplicated. Expanding on my answers will only lead to pulging more than I intend to offer. We stare at each other for a few more seconds before I break the silence. â€Å"Well, I – â€Å" â€Å"Oh gosh, I’m sorry. I’ve done it again. You must have to get ready for your day. I come barging in here and ruin your routine!† â€Å"It’s fine; I just have to take a cold shower before work.† The words are heavy in the air. They aren’t meant as they sound as I’m sure she’s used all the hot water in the small hot water tank, but after thinking about her showering and changing in my bathroom, perhaps a cold shower for another reason isn’t a bad idea. â€Å"Yeah, okay. I’ll see you later.† Great†¦ now, she thinks I’m a pervert. I don’t see her for two days. . . And for 48 hours, I worry. – Don’t get involved. Keep things simple. Take care of yourself! DAMN IT! It’s 10 p.m., and I can’t stand it anymore. I know something isn’t right. No utilities, no furniture, wears the same clothes, and I can hear her. I hear the sobbing every night through the thin-ass sheetrock. â€Å"Emily,† I say in a slightly raised voice. Fucking non-existent walls. â€Å"Yeah?† she sniffles. â€Å"Can I come over?† The pause seems to go on forever before she answers. It’s a â€Å"yes† mingled with sobs. Don’t get involved. Keep things simple. Take care of yourself! It’s too late. . . I sit on the edge of her mattress not knowing what to do. â€Å"Thanks for coming over. Nights†¦they’re the hardest.† â€Å"Emily? What’s going on? Tell me the truth. I’m not going to rat you out or anything.† I chance a look at her face and the fear is evident. I refuse to focus on her in her thread bare tank and panties. â€Å"You’re not renting this place, are you?† I surmise aloud. I think I’ve known this for some time but just didn’t want to admit it. Admitting it makes it real. Making it real means I’m stuck; I can’t walk away now, realizing what I know. â€Å"Please! Please don’t tell anyone!† She’s frantic, on the edge of mania. I scoot closer in hopes of easing her. Not too long after I moved into my first group home, the baseball my father gave me when I was seven, got stolen. It was one of the few personal items I owned. A staff from the group home tried to comfort me when I discovered it was missing by hugging me and patting my hair. I attempt to mimic the same gestures for Emily, because it’s the only comfort I know. She clings to me like a lost swimmer gripping a buoy in an endless sea. Finally, she quiets and the knot in my stomach comes back. I know I have to find out what’s really going on. I need to press her for more information since it seems I’m intent on helping her. â€Å"Tell me.† How to cite Vacant Chapter 3 Involved, Essay examples

Sociocultural Barriers for People with Disabilities

Historically, people living with disabilities in the United States were discriminated upon. Glowacki states that before the 18th century, disability was closely associated with witchcraft, demonic possession or sin (5). As a result, people with various disabilities were in most cases hidden from the public, ostracized and victimized (social exclusion) by members of society (Glowacki 5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociocultural Barriers for People with Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Culturally, having a child with a disability was a source of shame and ridicule in most American societies. Despite the significant changes and efforts directed towards the promotion of social inclusion of persons with disabilities, there still remain cultural and social barriers that dampen such efforts. Retish and Raiter stated that culture played a pivotal role in determining societal attitudes towards given phen omena (130). The authors described attitude as â€Å"a learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorably or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object† (131). From this definition, it is evident that attitudes affect the way people react to different circumstances. As such, cultural beliefs influence how we behave or perceive people and event in our societies. Negative feelings harbored by some people regarding particular disabilities are to a large extent as a result of cultural barrier. Therefore, it could be argued that cultural barriers are the greatest obstacles to the inclusion of individuals with disabilities in society. Research conducted by Heyne, Schleien and McAvoy indicated that fear of disabilities was among the major obstacles in the formation of relationships between individuals with and without disabilities (23). Glowacki states that culture has contributed to the tendency of some societies blaming individuals for their disabilities. In addi tion, stigmatization, stereotyping and pity have been cited as sources of sociocultural barriers affecting individuals living with disabilities. Previous studies indicate that cultural values greatly influence how society views disabilities. According to Mcloughlin, Zhou, and Clark, Confucianism is the predominant philosophy behind the Chinese culture (274). The authors assert that this philosophy classifies people into three intellectual groups starting from people with great wisdom, those with average intelligence and finally, those with little intelligence. While Confucianism encourages tolerance, obedience and courtesy, it has led to the discrimination of people based on their personality and merits.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mcloughlin et al state that Confucianism encourages people to be determined and participants in the process of national building, while on the ot her hand, it has led to the development of an elitist system characterized by social segregation and stratification that ignores the needs and efforts of the people with disabilities. Buddhism as a core aspect in the Chinese culture encourages people to accept themselves as they are. Such values inhibit the ability of people with disabilities to develop because they have to accept their role in society as a marginalized populace. In addition, Buddhists’ belief in Karma also influences how they view people with disabilities. According to Hampton, Buddhists believe that bad actions attract bad consequences, while good actions are rewarded (41). As such people with disabilities are often viewed as a sign of their predecessors’ bad karma. Due to such cultural beliefs, persons with disabilities in such societies always question whether they are a burden to their families or whether they are a source of shame to the family. In regard to American culture, stereotyping, prejud ice and stigmatization have been cited as the greatest barriers to social inclusion of people with disabilities. Byrne defines stigmatization as â€Å"a sign of disgrace or discredit which sets a person apart from others† (65). In most cases, stigma has led to situations where particular people in society are marginalized and excluded in various activities. In addition, McKeever reveals that stigma can prevent people with ability to participate in society, thereby leaving them dependent on others in society (1). In addition, stigma leads to stereotyping based on misconception. At some point we are guilty of assuming that a mentally ill individual is aggressive or violent. While this is not always the case, such perceptions make it difficult for persons with disabilities to interact effectively with society. Stigmatization has social and psychological effects on the victim’s quality of life. Nolan et al states that stigmatization lowers one’s self-esteem and self -efficacy. In addition, the authors assert that stigmatization leads to stress, anxiety, denial and antisocial behaviors among the people with disabilities (24). These issues make it difficult for people living with disabilities to become fully integrated into their societies. This makes them view themselves as beneficiaries in society rather than equal participants.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociocultural Barriers for People with Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, due to stigmatization, stereotyping and prejudice towards disabilities, people living with disabilities are not given equal opportunity when it comes to education and employment. In most cases, physical disabilities have been associated with mental inabilities. For example, there are instances whereby cripples are denied a desk job simply because employers assume that they are not fully qualified to handle the task. This is a classic example of how stigmatization, prejudice and stereotyping act as social barriers to people living with disabilities. In an empirical study conducted by McCallion, Janicki, and Grant-Griffin in regard to parental perception to disabilities, the researchers found great disparities between the results recorded between African Americans, Chinese, Korean and Mexican participants. The results indicated that Chinese and Korean parents viewed disability as a source of shame in community and that parents from these cultural backgrounds were more likely to hide children with disabilities in order to avoid public ridicule (354). Similarly, a study conducted by Zaromatidis et al on the attitude of selected Greeks and Greek-Americans towards people living with disabilities, the results showed that the latter had a positive attitude towards disabilities in comparison to their Greek counterparts (1191). The results were attributed to societal constructs. Greek society is collectivist in nature. This means that Greeks place more emphasis on group membership and communal benefits. As such, people with disabilities are viewed as a source of shame and a threat to societal development. On the other hand, Greek-Americans, have adopted the individualistic nature of the American society. As a result, they are more tolerant to disabilities. While the Greek society fails to acknowledge disability as a part of life, the American society makes an effort to embrace disability. This is a classic case of social exclusion versus social inclusion between these two samples. In Mexico, cultural barriers are not as serious as social barriers. In a research conducted by Skivington, the researcher found out that the government in Mexico had to a large extent failed in the provision of services that benefit people living with disabilities (1).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the Mexican government promised to consider the educational social, architectural and employment needs of people living with disabilities, literature reviewed in Skivington’s research indicated that for the past decade no concrete action had been taken in this regard (3). This is further supported by findings from a survey conducted by members of the Mexico Child Link organization. The study indicated that a large percentage of Mexican street children suffer from various disabilities. In addition, due to lack of specialized care, parents often abandoned children with disabilities. This was attributed to the fact that such children were viewed as a burden and unproductive in a society riddled with poverty. Other studies showed that children and adult with mental disabilities were mistreated and looked down upon in Mexican societies. According to Moreno, a visit to various mental institutions revealed clear signs of discrimination, lack of concern and mistreatment of pati ents within these institutions. The author wrote that â€Å"Patients are tied to wheelchairs, walls of shelters and institutions are stained with feces, and pools of urine cover the floor, and children and adults often scream in agony and confusion† (Moreno 1). In regard to the availability of educational opportunities, a study conducted by Aviles revealed that only 53 out of 457 teachers training institution gave licenses in special education. This would explain why 45,000 out of over one million teachers in Mexico are special educators (1). These examples reveal the sociocultural barriers experienced by people with disabilities in Mexico. Conclusion This paper set out to discuss the sociocultural barriers that affect people with disabilities. From the literature review presented herein, it has been articulated that cultural and social values, beliefs and practices affect how and why people perceive disabilities. Religion and societal structures have been identified as the m ajor sources of cultural barriers. On the other hand, stigmatization, stereotyping and prejudice have been highlighted as the barriers to social inclusion of people with disabilities in society. Results from various studies have been used to explore various aspects of the topic and to compare how similar barriers affect societal views on disabilities across different cultures. It has also been noted that while there are laws and regulations that seek to promote equality and fairness for people living with disabilities, there is need to create more awareness among the masses in order to foster attitudinal change regarding disabilities. People living with disabilities should also strive to prove that they too can make a significant impact to society. Disabilities should not be used as an excuse to nonperformance, but should be accepted and capitalized on. This will ensure future societies accept the situation and treat people with disabilities as equal contributors to the development of the society. Works Cited Aviles, Karina. â€Å"Fox presume plan de educacià ³n especial, pero cada vez menos nià ±os son atendidos.† La Jornada, (2006): 1. Print. Byrne, Patrick. â€Å"Stigma of mental illness and ways of diminishing it Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 6.1 (2000): 65-72. Print. Glowacki, Robert. Literature review for captivate: local participation for all. Perth: Disability Services Commission Department of Sport and Recreation, 2007. Print. Hampton, Nan. â€Å"Meeting the unique needs of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders with disabilities: A challenge to rehabilitation counselors in the 21st century.† Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 31.1 (2000): 40-46. Print. Heyne, Linda., Stuart Schleien., and Leo McAvoy. Making Friends: Using recreating activities to promote friendship between children with and without disabilities. Minneapolis: Institute on Community Integration, 1993. Print. McCallion, Philip., Matthew Janicki., and Lucind a Grant-Griffin. â€Å"Exploring the impact of culture and acculturation on older families caregiving for persons with developmental disabilities.† Family Relations 46.4 (1997): 347-357. Print. Mcloughlin, Caven., Zheng Zhou., and Elaine Clark. â€Å"Reflections on the development and status of contemporary special education services in China.† Psychology in the Schools 42.3 (2005): 273-283. Print. McKeever, Rosemary. Rethink Anti-Stigma Campaign in Northern Ireland: Public Information Sheet on what is stigma. June 2006. Web. https://www.rethink.org/ Moreno, Ivan. Mexico’s disabled live in horrific conditions, report finds. 06 March, 2012. Web. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/40443153/ns/health-mental_health/t/mexicos-disabled-live-horrific-conditions-report-finds/#.XRNlef5n3IU Retish, Paul., and Shunit Raiter. Adults with disabilities: international perspectives in the community. New York: Routledge, 1999. Print. Skivington, Michael. â€Å"Disability and Adulthood i n, Mexico: An Ethnographic Case Study.† International Journal of Special Education 26.3 (2011): 1 – 12. Print. Zaromatidis, Kelly et al. â€Å"A cross-cultural comparison of attitudes toward persons with disabilities: Greeks and Greek-Americans.† Psychological Reports 84.3 (1999): 1189-1196. Print. This essay on Sociocultural Barriers for People with Disabilities was written and submitted by user JoantheMouse to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.